春季西沙永乐龙洞浮游植物的昼夜垂直分布特征     

葛汝平  傅亮  毕乃双  陈畅  刘光兴  庄昀筠  杨作升  范德江  姚鹏  陈洪举 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(1):65-73

南海永乐龙洞位于西沙群岛永乐环礁,是迄今为止发现的最深的海洋蓝洞,水文环境及理化因素特殊,90 m以下水体为无氧环境。为研究永乐龙洞浮游植物的群落组成及其昼夜变化,于2017年3月在龙洞、潟湖及外礁坡进行浮游植物样品采集。研究结果表明:龙洞内叶绿素a浓度呈现随深度先增大后减小的趋势,日间浓度最大值层出现在40 m层(0.42μg/L),夜间则出现在20 m层(0.59μg/L)。永乐龙洞微微型浮游植物丰度介于1.1×10^3~5.1×10^4 cells/mL。聚球藻在上层水体占优势(0~20 m),40 m以下水层原绿球藻丰度对微微型浮游植物丰度贡献率最大(90%以上),微微型真核浮游植物丰度在整个水体都较低(除20 m层)。微微型浮游植物昼夜存在明显差异,夜间其丰度最大值层为20 m层,日间则上移至表层。本研究共记录微型和小型浮游植物5门41属55种(含未定种)。其中,硅藻门25属34种、甲藻门12属15种、金藻门1属1种、蓝藻3属、隐藻1属。微型和小型浮游植物丰度介于3.3×10^2~9.8×10^4 cells/L。甲藻丰度对浮游植物总丰度贡献率最大,其次是硅藻,隐藻和蓝藻丰度仅在少数水层占优势。微型和小型浮游植物昼夜变化明显,夜间丰度最大值层为20 m层,日间则出现在40 m层。微微型、微型和小型浮游植物垂直分布与叶绿素a浓度垂直分布一致性高。龙洞浮游植物的种类数和丰度高于潟湖和外礁坡。  相似文献   

Assessing Cryptic Invasion State: Fine-Scale Genetic Analysis of Ciona savignyi Population in Putative Native Habitat of the Korean Coast     

Yi  Chang Ho  Kim  Won 《Ocean Science Journal》2020,55(1):99-113

The solitary ascidian, Ciona savignyi (Ascidiacea, Enterogona) is a notorious marine invader still expanding its habitat range worldwide. This species is considered native to the North West Pacific, but its indigeneity in Korean coastal waters has been questioned because of outdated taxonomic records and its inhabitation of oceanographically marginal areas. To clarify their cryptic invasion state, 247 individual C. savignyi samples were collected from 12 harbors and marinas on the Korean coast, and a 744 bp region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was sequenced and analyzed. Our analyses of population genetic structure and demographic history provided considerable pieces of evidence supporting their long-term establishment on the Korean coasts: differentiated population genetic structure, sequentially arrayed star-shape haplotype network, neutrality test results of past population expansions, and post-glacial colonization pattern of demography. Consequently, we concluded that C. savignyi populations on the Korean Coast are indigenous rather than exotic. These results could be used as reference data for further phylogeo graphic and demographic studies of problematic Ciona species, and to clarify and resolve similar cryptic invasion states of the other Korean coastal marine organisms. This study is the first to resolve the cryptic in vasion state of Korean marine organisms using genetic analysis.

  相似文献   

基于ShakeMap_CNST的2017年精河6.6级地震灾害快速评估     

刘军  谭明  宋立军  郝婧  毕雪梅  王新刚  常想德 《中国地震》2019,35(2):381-388

基于考虑区域地震动衰减关系、场地效应及震中破裂等多因素的烈度快速评估模型，结合震害预测方法，研发了一套震害预测系统，并以2017年8月9日精河M_S6.6地震的震害预测为例，将对其的预测结果与当前主流系统进行对比。结果表明，采用ShakeMap_CNST系统能对地震的影响范围和烈度进行更为准确的估计，在人员伤亡、受灾人口估计、紧急安置人数及经济损失评估等方面，相对于其他系统，本系统的结果与现场调查的结果更为接近。  相似文献   

Methodology to set trigger levels in an urban drainage flood warning system – an application to Jhonghe,Taiwan     

Hsiang-Kuan Chang  Jihn-Sung Lai 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(1):31-49

A wireless water-level monitoring system for an urban drainage flood warning is developed, and stations equipped with pressure sensors are installed to monitor water levels. The water levels for flood warning are investigated. Two stages of warning water level for “larger” conduits are set based on the rate of rising water levels. In a similar way, only one stage of the warning water level is set for “smaller” conduits. The average rates of rising water levels for different scenarios are estimated using the US EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). When evaluating the impact of flooding, the outflows from manholes simulated by the SWMM are used as sources for a two-dimensional overland flow simulation. The integrated system is successfully executed in Jhonghe, New Taipei City, Taiwan, which has experienced urban drainage floods. Therefore, this system can provide urban drainage flood warnings to the authorities to take disaster reduction measures.  相似文献   

松辽盆地长岭凹陷乾安地区青山口组一段沉积相特征与古环境恢复——以吉页油1井为例     

白静  徐兴友  陈珊  刘卫彬  刘畅  张昌盛 《中国地质》2020,47(1):220-235

松辽盆地上白垩统青山口组一段富有机质泥页岩岩发育,层系内部滞留烃富集,具有可观的页岩油资源潜力。沉积古环境控制了泥页岩的分布、有机质发育特征及滞留烃富集程度。因此,恢复青一段泥页岩沉积古环境,明确沉积特征,对揭示青一段泥页岩中页岩油富集规律具有重要意义。本文基于长岭凹陷乾安地区青一段取心井——吉页油1井的岩心观察及测井曲线组合特征,划分了青一段泥页岩沉积微相,应用自然伽马能谱测井、岩性扫描测井数据,选取环境评价参数,对青一段沉积古环境及其演化过程进行了恢复,分析了古环境参数与泥页岩中滞留烃含量的相关性。结果表明:松辽盆地长岭凹陷乾安地区青一段泥页岩是在三角洲外前缘-浅湖-半深湖-深湖沉积体系中形成的,主要发育半深湖-深湖泥、浅湖泥沉积微相。青一段泥页岩沉积古环境经历了水深由浅变深,气候由半潮湿到潮湿,水体由淡水-微咸水,还原性由弱到强,水动力条件由中等到弱的演化,在青一段地层中存在明显的沉积环境变化界面,上下层段沉积环境不同。青一段泥页岩中滞留烃含量主要受沉积古气候、古氧化还原条件控制,潮湿气候还原条件下形成的泥页岩有机质类型好,以腐泥质为主,生油能力强,滞留烃含量高。  相似文献   

Evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka     

Jin  Huijun  Jin  Xiaoying  He  Ruixia  Luo  Dongliang  Chang  Xiaoli  Wang  Shaoling  Marchenko  Sergey S  Yang  Sizhong  Yi  Chaolu  Li  Shijie  Harris  Stuart A 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(8):1207-1223

The formation and evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka were reconstructed on the basis of large amount of paleo-permafrost remains and paleo-periglacial evidence, as well as paleo-glacial landforms, paleo-flora and paleofauna records. The results indicate that, during the local Last Glacial Maximum(LLGM) or local Last Permafrost Maximum(LLPMax), the extent of permafrost of China reached 5.3×106-5.4×106 km2, or thrice that of today, but permafrost shrank to only0.80×106-0.85×106 km2, or 50% that of present, during the local Holocene Megathermal Period(LHMP), or the local Last Permafrost Minimum(LLPMin). On the basis of the dating of periglacial remains and their distributive features, the extent of permafrost in China was delineated for the two periods of LLGM(LLPMax) and LHMP(LLPMin), and the evolution of permafrost in China was divided into seven periods as follows:(1) LLGM in Late Pleistocene(ca. 20000 to 13000-10800 a BP)with extensive evidence for the presence of intensive ice-wedge expansion for outlining its LLPMax extent;(2) A period of dramatically changing climate during the early Holocene(10800 to 8500-7000 a BP) when permafrost remained relatively stable but with a general trend of shrinking areal extent;(3) The LHMP in the Mid-Holocene(8500-7000 to 4000-3000 a BP)when permafrost degraded intensively and extensively, and shrank to the LLPMin;(4) Neoglaciation during the late Holocene(4000-3000 to 1000 a BP, when permafrost again expanded;(5) Medieval Warming Period(MWP) in the late Holocene(1000-500 a BP) when permafrost was in a relative decline;(6) Little Ice Age(LIA) in the late Holocene(500-100 a BP), when permafrost relatively expanded, and;(7) Recent warming(during the 20 th century), when permafrost continuously degraded and still is degrading. The paleo-climate, geography and paleopermafrost extents and other features were reconstructed for each of these seven periods.  相似文献   

海洋环境因子对澳洲鲐亲体补充量关系的影响——基于贝叶斯模型平均法的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张畅  陈新军 《海洋学报》2019,41(2):99-106

澳洲鲐（Scomber australasicus）是西北太平洋重要的中上层经济鱼类，生命周期相对较短，资源量受补充量影响明显，了解澳洲鲐太平洋群系补充量状况对掌握其资源量及确保其可持续利用具有重要的意义。本文利用产卵场1（30°~32°N，130°~132°E）海表面温度（sea surface temperature，SST1）、产卵场2（34°~35°N，138°~141°E）海表面温度（SST2）、索饵场（35°~45°N，140°~160°E）海表面温度（SST3）、潮位差（tidal range，TR）、太平洋年代际涛动（Pacific decadal oscillation，PDO）和亲体量（spawning stock biomass，SSB）6个影响因子任意组合与补充量构建多个模型，运用贝叶斯模型平均法（Bayesian model averaging，BMA）分析各个环境因子对资源补充量的解释能力，并预测其补充量的变化。结果表明，SSB对补充量具有最长期且稳定的解释能力，其次是SST3，PDO、TR、SST2、SST1也对补充量模型具有一定的解释能力。SST3是环境因子中影响最大的因子，可能是由于补充群体在索饵场内生活时间较长，索饵场温度对仔鱼或鱼卵的生长存活有较大的影响。研究认为，基于BMA的组合预报综合考虑了各个模型的优势，优于单一模型，可用于澳洲鲐资源补充量的预测。  相似文献   

多时相阴影轮廓差分辅助下的城市水体提取     

欧健滨  罗文斐  刘畅 《测绘通报》2019,(3):116-119

如何避免水体提取中阴影信息与水体信息的混淆，是利用遥感数据提取城市水体信息需要解决的一个问题。本文以高分一号WFV图像及Landsat8 OLI图像为数据源，利用阴影轮廓的位置与形状在不同太阳高度角及太阳方位角下的差异性，提出一种基于多时相阴影轮廓差分的城市水体提取方法（WMSD）。以广州市天河区为试验区进行水体信息提取，同时运用NDWI、MNDWI及SWI指数法分别提取水体信息，进行精度对比分析。结果显示，本文所提出的WMSD方法分类精度超过88%，较NDWI法、SWI法及MNDWI法的水体提取精度分别提高了8.50%、9.50%及4.67%。说明基于阴影轮廓位置与形状的差异提取水体信息的方法能够较好地解决阴影与水体提取信息混淆的问题，为利用遥感数据提取城市地区水体提供了一个可行的处理方法。  相似文献   

Analysis of Stock Market Development and CO2 Emissions on OECD Countries via an Empirical Model     

Zhigang Li  Wei‐Ting Chen  I‐Chia Chang  Joe‐Ming Lee 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2020,48(4)

Accompanying economic growth, CO₂ emissions have polluted the natural environment worldwide. This study highlights the special problems with stock market development and CO₂ emissions in 25 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries during 1971–2007 to trace the trend of CO₂ emissions while countries grow their economies. A panel‐data model is applied to analyze the relationships between stock market (SM) development, energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), and CO₂ emissions in 25 OECD countries. Low‐GDP countries show different results from high‐GDP countries in the trends of SM development and CO₂ emissions, and dynamic effects occur in SM development and CO₂ emissions under various GDP conditions. There is a negative relationship between SM development and CO₂ emissions if countries enjoy high economic growth, which means that these countries avoid CO₂ emissions through SM development. However, a positive relationship is found between SM development and CO₂ emissions if countries experience low economic growth, which means that SM development does not show the boycott‐effect relationship with CO₂ emissions when countries experience low levels of economic development. This study shows a correlation between SM development and CO₂ emissions among OECD countries.  相似文献   

Tropical Atlantic variability and coupled model climate biases: results from the Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment (TACE)     

W. E. Johns  P. Brandt  P. Chang 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(11):2887-2887

  相似文献